832 
H9 

B7 


of  the   Museum   of  Comparative  Zoology 
AT     HARVARD     COLLEGE. 

VOL.  LI.     No.  10. 


XEW  PHYTOPHAGOUS  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  THE  TERTIARY 
OF   FLORISSANT,  COLORADO. 


BY   CHARLES  T.  BRVES 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.,  U.S.A.: 

PRINTED     FOR     THE     MUSEUM. 

MAUI-H,  1908. 


Bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 
AT    HARVARD    COLLEGE. 

VOL.  LI.    No.  10. 


XEW  PHYTOPHAGOUS  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  THE  TERTIARY 
OF   FLORISSANT,  COLORADO. 


BY  CHARLES  T.  BRUES. 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.,  U.  S.  A. : 

PRINTED    FOR    THE    MUSEUM. 

MARCH,  1908. 


No.  10.  —  New  Phytophagous  Hymenoptera  from  the  Tertiary 
of  Florissant,  Colorado.     By  CHARLES  T.  BRUES. 

OVER  a  year  ago  I  received  from  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 
the  large  collection  of  undetermined  fossil  phytophagous  and  parasitic 
Hymenoptera  collected  many  years  ago  by  Dr.  S.  H.  Scudder  in  the 
Tertiary  lake  basin  at  Florissant,  Colorado.  Since  then  a  large  number 
of  additional  parasitica  have  been  received  from  the  same  locality  from 
Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  who  has  been  collecting  there  for  the  past  two 
summers. 

The  present  paper  contains  a  consideration  of  the  phytophagous  forms 
belonging  to  the  Tenthredinidae,  Lydidae,  and  Siricidae.  These  are  very 
much  less  numerous  than  the  parasitic  ones. 

Three  genera  and  twelve  species  are  described  as  new,  and  reference 
has  been  made  to  the  more  definite  records  of  occurrence  of  members 
of  the  group  in  the  various  Tertiary  formations  of  Europe  and  North 
America,  the  only  continents  where  they  have  been  discovered. 

A  catalogue  of  the  recorded  species  and  genera  is  also  included. 

The  figures  are  reproduced  from  drawings  made  with  the  aid  of  a 
camera  lucida. 

TENTHREDINIDAE . 
Trichiosomites,  gen.  nov. 

Radial  cell  of  front  wings  long,  not  appendiculate ;  divided  at  its  basal  third 
by  a  transverse  nervure.  Submedian  cell  only  a  little  longer 'than  the  median. 
Anal  cell  divided  into  cells  connected  by  a  petiole,  much  as  in  Pachyprotasis  or 
Hemichroa.  Basal  vein  and  first  recurrent  nervure  almost  parallel,  the  second 
transverse  cubitus  and  the  second  recurrent  nervure  interstitial. 

The  long  marginal  cell  and  interstitial  second  recurrent  nervure  remind  one  of 
Trichiosoma,  as  does  also  the  oval  abdomen.  There  are  such  important  differences, 
however,  that  I  feel  compelled  to  erect  a  new  genus  for  the  reception  of  the 
single  species,  which  I  cannot  place  in  any  described  genus.  The  long  marginal 
cell  is  similar  to  that  of  Paremphytus.1 

1  Since  this  paper  went  to  press  Mr.  S.  A.  Rohwer  of  the  University  of  Colorado 
writes  me  that  he  has  identified  the  same  species  in  material  from  Florissant,  which 
shows  that  the  genus  is  closely  related  to  Zarea  Leach.  The  antennae  are  six- 
jointed. 


260          BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

Trichiosomites  obliviosus,  sp.  nov. 

Length  9  mm.  Body  broad  and  stout,  the  width  of  the  abdomen  being  3  mm. 
Color  apparently  black,  with  more  or  less  brownish  on  the  abdomen.  Wings 
hyaline,  the  veins  dark.  Head  rounded  on  the  sides,  its  surface  finely  shagreeued ; 
mesonotum  more  coarsely  so  or  finely  punctulate.  Scutellum  smooth.  Metauo- 
tum  more  or  less  rugose.  All  of  the  abdominal  segments  are  of  nearly  equal 
length,  the  fifth  widest,  one  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  the  first.  Abdomen 
in  outline  regularly  oval.  Marginal  cell  in  front  wings  very  long  and  narrow, 
pointed,  but  not  at  all  appeudiculate,  divided  by  a  cross-vein  at  its  basal  third. 


FIG.  1.  —  Trichiosomites  obliviosus  Brues.     Fore-wing. 

Humeral  area  divided  by  a  cross-vein  near  the  origin  of  the  basal  vein;  sub- 
median  cell  longer  than  the  median  by  one-third  the  length  of  the  transverse 
median  nervure.  Basal  vein  and  first  recurrent  nervure  almost  parallel.  First 
and  second  submarginal  cells  not  separated,  the  second  recurrent  nervure  intersti- 
tial with  the  second  transverse  cubitus.  Anal  cell  as  in  Pachyprotasis,  divided 
into  two  by  the  fusion  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  nervures ;  the  petiole  thus 
formed  as  long  as  the  distance  from  the  fusion  to  the  transverse  median  nervure. 
Type.  —  No.  2036,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  1381,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

Phenacoperga  COCKERELL. 

The  type  species  and  only  one  so  far  made  known  is  P.  coloradensis  Ckll.,  from 
Florissant.  It  was  first  described  in  the  genus  Perga  (Cockerell, :  07a),  but  later 
made  the  type  of  Phenacoperga  by  its  author  (  :08) . 


Lophyrus  LATREILLE. 

Brischke  ('86)  records  the  occurrence  of  Lophyrus  in  Prussian  amber,  but  the 
genus  has  not  been  found  fossil  elsewhere. 

Hemichroa  STEPHENS. 

A  single  species,  H.  eophila  Ckll.,  has  been  described  from  Florissant  by  Pro- 
fessor Cockerell  ( :  06),  who  refers  it  to  this  genus  without  any  doubt.  There  are 
no  specimens  in  the  collections  which  I  have  seen. 


BRUES:  NEW  PHYTOPHAGOUS  HYMENOPTERA..       261 

Dineura  DAHLBOM. 

Cockerell  ( :  06)  has  already  recognized  a  species  of  this  genus  from  Florissant 
to  which  he  gives  the  name  Dineura  saxorum,  and  there  is  a  second  one  in  the 
present  collection.     The  two  may  be  separated  as  follows : 
Transverse  median  nervure  received  much  before  the  middle  of  the  first 
discoidal  cell ;  second  recurrent  nervure  inserted  a  considerable  distance 

before  the  tip  of  the  second  submarginal  cell saxorum  Ckll. 

Transverse  median  nervure  received  just  at  or  a  trifle  before  the  middle 
of  the  first  discoidal  cell ;  second  recurrent  nervure  inserted  at  the  ex- 
treme tip  of  the  second  submarginal  cell laminarum,  sp.  nov. 

Dineura  laminarum,  sp.  nov. 

Probably  a  female.  Length  10  mm.  Head  and  thorax  very  dark  and  abdomen 
pale,  except  at  the  tip,  where  it  is  brownish.  Head  rather  small  and  narrow. 
Antennae  black,  very  gradually  attenuated  toward  the  tip,  reaching  as  far  back 
as  the  base  of  the  metanotum.  The  mesonotum  is  brown,  with  a  narrow  black 
border  anteriorly,  and  shades  into  black  behind.  Scutellum  black.  Sides  of  the 
metanotum  apparently  pale  like  the  abdomen.  Legs,  especially  the  posterior 
pair,  distinctly  preserved,  apparently  brown;  tibiae  and  tarsi  of  the  hind  pair 


FIG.  2.  —  Dineura  laminarum  Brues.     Wings. 

darker  above.  Wiugs  hyaline,  the  veins  fuscous  or  piceous.  Humeral  cross- 
vein  inserted  a  short  distance  before  the  origin  of  the  basal  vein;  transverse 
median  nervure  inserted  just  before  the  middle  of  the  first  discoidal  cell.  Margi- 
nal cell  long  and  pointed,  its  cross-vein  distinct.  First  submarginal  cell  quadrate, 
the  first  transverse  cubitus  and  the  first  section  of  the  cubitus  subequal,  second 
section  a  trifle  longer.  Second  recurrent  nervure  inserted  at  the  apex  of  the 
second  submarginal  cell,  being  almost  interstitial  with  the  second  transverse 
cubitus.  Anal  cell  with  a  long  petiole.  Recurrent  nervure  in  hind  wing  in- 
serted three-fifths  of  the  way  from  the  base  of  the  second  submarginal  cell. 

Type-— Wo-  2037,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  4983,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.). 


262      BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

This  species  approaches  the  genus  Mesoneura  in  the  disposition  of  the  recurrent 
nervures  in  both  pairs  of  wings,  the  second  being  almost  interstitial  with  the 
second  transverse  cubitus.  This  character  apparently  tends  to  vary,  however,  as 
the  vein  is  more  nearly  interstitial  in  one  wing  than  in  the  other. 

It  is  a  broad,  stout  species. 

Pteronus  prodigus,  sp.  nov. 

Sex  ?  Length  about  7  mm.,  most  of  the  head  broken  away.  Oolor  dark, 
varied  with  paler.  The  anterior  part  of  the  mesonotum  and  the  prothorax  are 
yellowish,  while  the  scutellum  and  metathorax  are  darker.  The  mesonotum  has 
an  anterior  triangular  dark  spot  and  dark  lateral  margins.  Abdomen  pale, 
banded  on  each  segment  with  fuscous.  The  bands  of  the  first  and  second  seg- 
ments reach  only  half-way  across  ;  the  following  grow  wider  to  the  sixth,  and  the 
seventh  is  again  narrower.  Wings  hyaline,  the  venation  as  in  Pteronus.  Humeral 
field  divided  by  a  cross-vein  opposite  the  base  of  the  first  discoidal  cell.  Marginal 
cell  long  and  lanceolate,  not  divided.  First  submarginal  cell  small,  obliquely 
rounded  above,  the  first  and  second  sections  of  the  cubitus  equal.  Second  sub- 


FIG.  3.  —  Pteronus  prodigus  Brues.     Wings. 

marginal  cell  very  long,  over  three  times  as  long  as  the  second  section  of  the 
cubitus,  receiving  the  two  recurrent  nervures.  Third  submarginal  cell  distinctly 
longer  than  high,  and  higher  at  the  tip  than  at  the  base.  Anal  cell  petiolate,  its 
petiole  originating  just  basad  to  the  lower  end  of  the  basal  nervure.  Hind  wings 
with  the  first  discoidal  and  first  submarginal  cell  separate. 

Type.  —  No.  2038,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  14,071,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  It  is  in  a  fine  state  of  preservation,  showing  both  front  and  hind 
wings,  but  lacking  a  part  of  the  head. 

The  venation  in  this  species  is  exactly  like  that  of  recent  species,  and  the 
color  markings  are  disposed  with  a  similar  tendency  to  those  of  P.  ribesii  Scop, 
and  P.  mendicus  Walsh,  two  common  North  American  species  of  recent  times. 

Serres  in  his  Geognosie  ('29)  has  referred  a  fossil  species  from  Aix  to  this 
genus,  but  it  is  very  doubtfully  a  member  of  Pteronus,  as  the  genus  is  at  present 
restricted. 


BRUES:    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS   HYMENOPTERA.  263 

Scolioneura  vexabilis,  sp.  nov. 

Length  9  mm.  Broad  and  stout,  dark  colored  or  black  with  paler  markings. 
Abdomen  ferruginous  except  at  the  base  and  apex.  Dorsum  of  thorax  indistinctly 
pale  around  the  edges.  Antennae  preserved  only  near  the  base,  black ;  the  joints 
toward  the  base  about  five  or  six  times  as  long  as  wide.  Thorax  as  wide  as 
long,  and  not  quite  so  wide  as  the  oval  abdomen,  which  is  twice  as  long  as 
wide.  Wings  indistinctly  infuscated  towards  the  base,  the  veins  brown.  Anal 
cell  lanceolate,  petiolate,  as  wide  at  its  broadest  part  as  three-fourths  of  the  length 


FIG.  4.  —  Scolioneura  vexabilis  Brues.     Fore-wing. 

of  the  transverse  median  nervure.  Marginal  cell  long  and  narrow,  pointed  at 
apex  ;  apparently  not  divided  by  a  uervure.  First  submarginal  cell  small,  more  or 
less  rounded  at  its  base  ;  second  and  third  long,  each  receiving  a  recurrent  nervure ; 
basal  vein  and  first  recurrent  nervure  widely  divergent  behind. 

Type.  —  No.  2039,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  1520,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.). 

This  species  might  perhaps  be  excluded  from  Scolioneura,  as  I  cannot  make  out 
any  cross-vein  in  the  marginal  cell.  I  can  find  no  other  suitable  place,  however, 
and  think  that  it  may  best  be  left  here.  The  hind  wings  are  not  well  enough  pre- 
served to  show  their  venation,  but  'the  front  ones  are  in  good  condition,  with  the 
exception  of  a  part  of  the  apical  portion. 

Selandria  LEACH. 

Brischke  ('86)  mentions  the  occurrence  of  a  single  specimen  belonging  to 
Selaudria  in  Baltic  amber.  Curtis  ('29)  compares  a  form  from  the  lower  Oligo- 
cene  at  Aix  with  Selandria  fuliginosa,  but  the  latter  is  evidently  the  Tenthredo 
fuliginosa  now  placed  in  Tomostethus  Konow. 

Eriocampa  HARTIG. 

Cockerell  ( :  06)  has  described  Eriocampa  wheeleri  from  Florissant,  and  there  is 
a  second  species  to  be  added  from  the  Scudder  collection.  The  two  may  be 
separated  as  follows : 

Second  submarginal  cell  on  the  radius  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  first 
submarginal  on  the  cubital  side ;  cross-vein  in  marginal  cell  strongly 
oblique ;  wings  infuscated scudderl,  sp.  nov. 

Second  submarginal  cell  on  the  radial  side  no  longer  than  the  first  sub- 
marginal  on  the  cubital  side.  Wings  hyaline wheeleri  Ckll. 


264  BULLETIN:   MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 

Eriocampa  scudderi,  sp.  nor. 

Length  about  9  mm.  Body  seemingly  wholly  black,  with  infuscated  wings. 
Nervures  piceous.  Hind  legs,  or  at  least  the  femora  and  tibiae,  black.  Marginal 
cell  long  and  pointed,  the  cross-vein  strongly  oblique,  inserted  much  nearer  to  the 
tip  than  to  the  base  of  the  second  subinarginal  cell  First  submarginal  cell  small, 
narrowed  at  the  tip,  the  first  transverse  cubitus  being  only  two-thirds  the  length 
of  the  first  section  of  the  cubitus.  Second  submarginal  cell  long  and  narrow, 


FIG.  5.  —  Eriocampa  scudderi  Brues.     Fore-wing  and  a  small  portion  of  hind-wing. 

over  three  times  as  long  as  high  at  the  tip.  Basal  vein  and  cubitus  arising  at  the 
same  point,  the  basal  vein  longer  than  the  oblique  apical  side  of  the  first  discoidal 
cell.  Anal  cell  with  a  moderately  oblique  cross-vein ;  rather  weakly  constricted 
behind  basally,  but  the  nervure  is  strongly  thickened  at  the  constriction. 

Type.  —  No.  2040,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  8298,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.),  very  nicely  preserved  except  for  the  hind  wings  and  the  antennae. 

Eriocampa,  sp. 

There  is  a  specimen  (No.  2041,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. ;  No.  9101,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.),  which  is  not  well  enough  preserved  to  place  positively  in  this  genus,  but 
which  probably  represents  a  third  species.  The  wings  are  brown  and  the  body 
pale,  except  the  posterior  margin  of  the  thorax  and  the  last  two  or  three  abdominal 
segments,  which  are  dark  or  black.  It  is  quite  a  strikingly  colored  species. 

Emphytus  KLUG. 

This  genus  is  said  to  be  represented  in  Baltic  Amber  by  Menge  ('56). 

Paremphytus,  gen.  nov. 

Similar  to  Emphytus,  but  the  basal  nervure  and  the  first  recurrent  nervure  are 
widely  divergent,  not  parallel  as  in  that  genus.  The  submedian  cell  is  much 
longer  than  the  median,  and  the  first  transverse  cubitus  absent.  Anal  cell 
divided  by  an  oblique  nervure  ;  not  constricted  behind  toward  the  base.  Margi- 
nal cell  very  long  and  unusually  narrow  beyond  the  cross-vein ;  rounded  at  the 
tip  but  not  appendiculate.  First  and  second  submarginal  cells  each  receiving 


BRUES:    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS   HYMENOPTERA.  265 

a  recurrent  nervure.  Antennae  stout  and  thick,  and  possibly  with  the  last  joint 
long,  as  in  Arge  and  its  allies.  However,  this  character  is  not  very  plainly  to  be 
seen  on  the  specimen. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  locate  this  specimen  with  any  degree  of  satisfaction. 
The  similarity  of  the  antennae  to  those  of  Arge  et  al.  is  very  striking,  but  it  is 
possible  that  the  last  joint  is  in  reality  several  closely  united  ones.  From  these 
forms  it  differs  at  once  by  the  uon-appendiculate  marginal  cell  and  the  divided  anal 
cell.  The  absence  of  the  first  transverse  cubitus  reminds  one  of  Emphytus,  but 
the  position  of  the  first  recurrent  nervure-  is  entirely  different. 

Paremphytus  ostentus,  sp.  nov. 

Female.  Length  9  mm.  Elongate,  black,  with  indications  of  brownish  bands 
on  the  abdomen.  Head  very  small,  considerably  narrower  than  the  thorax  and 
about  one-half  as  thick  as  wide.  Abdomen  with  nearly  parallel  sides ;  obtusely 
rounded  at  the  tip  where  the  terebra  projects  quite  distinctly.  Wings  distinctly 
infuscated,  especially  on  the  apical  half.  Marginal  cell  long,  divided,  gradually 
narrowed  to  the  tip,  which  is  rounded  but  not  append iculate.  First  submarginal 


FIG.  6.  —  Paremp/tytus  ostetttus  Brues.    Fore-wing. 

cell  very  long,  as  long  as  the  second  along  the  radial  nervure;  second  submargi- 
ual  strongly  widened,  so  that  the  second  transverse  cubitus  is  twice  as  long  as  the 
first.  Submedian  cell  much  longer  than  the  median,  the  basal  nervure  and  the 
transverse  median  vein  separated  on  the  median  vein  by  a  distance  almost  as  great 
as  the  length  of  the  basal  nervure.  Anal  cell  with  an  oblique  cross-vein. 

Type.  — No.  2042,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  11,586,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

Pseudosiobla  ASHMEAD. 

Cockerell  ('07)  has  described  a  single  species  from  Florissant.  There  are  none 
in  the  material  at  hand. 

Taxonus  HARTIG. 

Two  species  of  Tertiary  saw-flies  have  been  referred  to  this  genus.  According 
to  Konow,  the  well-known  authority  on  the  classification  of  these  insects,  the 
species  described  by  Heer  ('47)  as  Tenthredo  vetusta  from  the  lower  Miocene  at 
Hadoboj  is  referable  to  Taxonus  ('97). 

The  second  species  was  described  by  Scudder  in  his  Tertiary  Insects  ('90)  as 


266  BULLETIN:   MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 

Taxonus  nortoni  from  the  Green  River  beds  of  Wyoming.  From  his  figures 
(PI.  10,  Figs.  26-27)  of  the  wing  venation  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  the 
generic  reference  is  satisfactory. 

Palaeotaxonus,  gen.  nov. 

Body  elongate,  subparallel ;  the  abdomen  long,  twice  the  length  of  the  thorax, 
all  its  segments  of  equal  width  and  of  nearly  equal  length.  Wing  venation  as  in 
Taxonus,  but  the  submedian  cell  is  no  longer  than  the  median,  the  transverse 
median  nervure  being  interstitial  with  the  basal  vein.  Anal  cell  divided  by  an 
oblique  cross-vein  which  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  transverse  median  nervure. 
Marginal  cell  long,  pointed  at  the  tip,  divided  by  an  unusually  oblique,  curved 
cross-vein.  Second  and  third  submarginal  cells  each  receiving  a  recurrent  ner- 
vure near  the  base. 

The  present  form  resembles  Taxonus  in  most  respects,  but  differs  very  plainly 
in  the  interstitial  transverse  median  nervure.  This  is  evidently  a  primitive  trait 
which  is  exemplified  in  several  of  the  other  fossil  saw-flies  here  described. 
On  this  account  I  have  thought  the  character  to  be  of  generic  importance, 
especially  taken  in  connection  with  its  constancy  among  large  groups  of  recent 
Hymenoptera. 

Palaeotaxonus  typicus,  sp.  nov. 

Length  9.5  mm.  Head  and  thorax  black,  the  abdomen  more  or  less  rufous  or 
brownish.  Head  square  behind,  rounded  toward  the  front,  twice  as  wide  as  thick. 
Antennae  of  equal  thickness  for  at  least  the  basal  two-thirds  ;  black  ;  the  joints 
not  very  well  differentiated  in  the  specimen,  but  one  somewhat  beyond  the  middle 
is  about  four  times  as  long  as  thick.  Wings  hyaline,  humeral  area  with  a  cross- 
vein  just  basad  to  the  origin  of  the  basal  vein,  which  is  close  to  the  origin  of  the 


FIG.  7.  — Palaeotaxonus  typicus  Brues.     Fore-wing. 

cubitus.  Basal  vein  and  first  recurrent  nervure  almost  parallel,  slightly  conver- 
gent behind.  First  section  of  the  cubitus  twice  as  long  as  the  first  transverse 
cubitus,  which  is  one-third  the  length  of  the  second  submarginal  cell.  Third  sub- 
marginal  cell  over  three  times  as  wide  at  apex  as  at  base. 

Described  from  two  specimens. 

Type.  —  Wo.  2043,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  11,984,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.).  Also,  No.  2044,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  7051,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 


BRUES:    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS   HYMENOPTERA.  267 

Dolerus  JDRINB. 

This  abundant  North  American  genus  has  not  been  found  at  Florissant,  but  it 
is  known  to  occur  in  the  middle  Oligocene  at  Brunstatt  in  Alsace,  where  it  was 
noted  byFb'rster  ('91).  Schb'berlin  ('88)  has  also  found  it  in  the  upper  Miocene 
in  Oeningen. 

Macrophya  pervetusta,  sp.  nov. 

Length  13  mm.  Stout,  entirely  black,  or  at  least  very  dark.  Head  nearly  as 
wide  as  the  thorax,  over  three  times  as  wide  as  thick  antero-posteriorly,  the  sides 
strongly  convergent  in  front.  Thorax  elongate,  twice  as  long  as  wide,  the  meta- 
thorax  being  considerably  narrower  than  the  mesothorax.  Abdomen  nearly  as 
long  as  the  head  and  thorax  together,  oval,  with  six  segments  clearly  defined ; 
rounded  broadly  at  the  tip,  the  extreme  apex  obscured.  Wings  hyaline,  or 
perhaps  slightly  infuscated.  Venation  typical  of  the  genus,  much  like  that  of  the 
recent  M.  albicincta.  Marginal  cell  long,  its  dividing  nervure  entering  the  radius 


FIG.  8.  —  Macrophya  pervetusta  Brues.     Fore-wing. 

much  closer  to  the  second  transverse  cubitus  than  to  the  first ;  first  recurrent 
nervure  received  just  before  the  middle  of  the  first  submarginal  cell;  the  second 
near  the  base  of  the  third.  Submedian  cell  but  little  longer  than  the  median  on 
the  externo-medial  nervure.  Anal  cell  constricted  in  the  middle  until  the  cross- 
vein  practically  disappears;  basally  it  is  not  appreciably  constricted  below. 

Type.  —No.  2045,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  637,  8.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.).  . 

The  venation  and  the  very  elongate  hind  coxae  which  project  backwards  later- 
ally so  that  their  tip's  extend  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  determine  the 
systematic  position  of  the  species  without  any  doubt.  It  resembles  the  present- 
day  Lagium  atroviolaceum  Norton  so  greatly  in  size  and  color  that  I  was  tempted 
to  refer  it  to  Lagium.  The  antennae  are  not  preserved,  so  that  it  seems  better 
to  refer  it  to  the  larger  genus  Macrophya  in  absence  of  positive  evidence  to  the 
contrary. 

Tenthredo  LINNE. 

Four  species  of  Tenthredo,  sensu  stricto,  have  been  discovered  at  Florissant, 
one  recently  described  by  Cockerell,  and  three  characterized  in  the  present  paper. 

Brischke  ('86)  has  recognized  a  species  in  Baltic  amber  which  he  has  not 
described,  and  Gravenhorst  ('35)  also  noted  the  occurrence  of  the  genus  in  the 
same  formation. 


268  BULLETIN  :   MUSEUM   OF   COMPAEAT1VE   ZOOLOGY. 

Less  exact  references  have  been  made  to  Tenthredo  by  Schoberlin  ('88),  two 
species  from  Oeuingen;  Serres  ('29)  and  Heer  ('61),  species  from  Aix;  and 
Schlotheim  ('29),  one  from  Baltic  amber.  These  last  cannot  be  regarded  as 
generic  determinations,  and  have  no  especial  significance  in  the  present  state 
of  our  knowledge. 

Florissant  species  of  Tenthredo. 

1.  Anal  cell  of  hind  wings  sessile  with  or  touching  the  first  apical  cell ;  dis- 

coidal  cell  of  front  wings  very  long,  its  diagonal  length  much  more  than 

twice  the  length  of  the  basal  nervure T.  avia,  sp.  nov. 

Anal  cell  of  hind  wings  shorter,  not  touching  the  first  apical  cell,  but  sepa- 
rated from  it  by  a  distinct  vein  or  petiole 2 

2.  Petiole  of  anal  cell  in  hind  wing  over  one-half  the  length  of  the  basal 

nervure  of  the  front  wing,  equalling  the  vein  closing  the  second  dis- 

coidal  cell  of  hind  wing T.  infossa,  sp.  nov 

Petiole  of  anal  cell  very  short,  less  than  one-third  the  length  of  the  basal 
nervure    3 

3.  Length  13  mm.     First  discoidal  cell  over  four  times  as  long  as  the  basal 

nervure  in  the  front  wing T.  submersa  Ckll. 

Length  17  mm.     First  discoidal  cell  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  the 
basal  nervure T.  misera,  sp.  nov. 


Tenthredo  avia,  sp.  nov. 

Female.  Length  about  13  mm.  Body  probably  variegated  with  yellow  and 
black.  The  head  is  black  and  the  antennae  dark.  Dorsum  of  thorax  brownish 
black  at  the  bases  of  the  wings  and  paler  along  the  parapsidal  furrows.  Scutellum 
yellowish;  metanotum  yellowish,  with  black  reticulations.  Median  groove  of 
mesonotum  very  distinct.  Abdomen  apparently  very  pale,  with  a  dorsal  line  of 
spots,  one  to  each  segment;  these  are  small,  rounded-quadrate,  and  diminish 
in  size  apically.  Wings  hyaline,  the  veins  unusually  pale  in  color.  Median  cell 
shorter  than  the  submedian  by  only  one-half  the  length  of  the  transverse  median 
nervure.  Third  submarginal  cell  more  than  twice  as  high  at  the  apex  as  at  the 
base.  Anal  cell  not  contracted  at  the  insertion  of  the  cross-vein  ;  its  sides  sub- 
parallel,  but  the  posterior  side  suddenly  widens  out  basally,  making  the  cell  more 
than  twice  as  wide  as  at  the  cross-vein.  Posterior  wing  with  the  anal  cell  not 
separated  from  the  first  apical  cell  by  a  vein. 

Type.  —  No.  2046,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  3763,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.). 

Of  the  four  species  from  the  Florissant  shales,  this  most  closely  approaches 
recent  representatives  of  the  genus.  The  preservation  of  the  type  is  very  good, 
except  the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  which  are  not  distinguishable  at  first  glance. 
This  causes  the  abdomen  to  take  on  a  singular  subulate  appearance  quite  foreign 
to  its  actual  form. 


BRUES:    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS   HYMENOPTEKA.  269 


Tenthredo  infossa,  sp.  nov. 

Length  10.5  ram.  Probably  a  female.  Body  stout  ;  dark  in  color.  Head 
black,  the  thorax  more  or  less  light  colored  anteriorly ;  the  scutellum  and  metan- 
otum  black.  Abdomen  very  dark,  narrowly  banded  with  pale  on  the  sutures. 
Wings  hyaline,  the  veins  unusually  dark.  Antennae  black,  the  apical  three 
joints  narrowing;  basal  joints  rather  broad,  the  ones  at  the  beginning  of  the 
flagellum  three  or  four  times  as  long  as  thick.  Head  small  and  broad,  two  and 
one-half  times  as  wide  at  the  temples  as  thick  antero-posteriorly.  Abdomen  nar- 
rowly oval,  twice  as  long  as  wide  ;  the  extreme  apex  not  preserved,  so  that  the 
sex  cannot  be  positively  determined.  Marginal  cell  moderately  long,  its  cross- 
vein  only  slightly  curved ;  first  discoidal  cell  unusually  short,  hardly  more  than 
twice  as  long  diagonally  as  the  length  of  the  basal  vein,  and  more  rhombic  in 


FIG.  9.  —  Tenthredo  infossa  Brues.     Wings. 

shape  than  usual.  First  submarginal  cell  quadrate,  the  first  abscissa  of  the 
cubitus  but  little  longer  than  the  first  transverse  cubitus.  Submediau  cell  longer 
than  the  median  by  a  little  more  than  the  length  of  the  transverse  median  nervure. 
Second  submarginal  cell  receiving  the  recurrent  nervure  distinctly  before  the 
middle.  Anal  cell  slightly  constricted  at  the  cross-vein,  suddenly  widened  out 
behind  toward  the  base  to  nearly  triple  its  width  at  the  cross-vein.  Petiole  at  apex 
of  anal  cell  in  hind  wing  as  long  as  the  vein  closing  the  second  discoidal  cell. 

Type.  —  No.  2047,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  11,988,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

One  specimen  in  a  fine  state  of  preservation. 

This  species  resembles  Macrophya  to  some  extent,  more  especially  on  account 
of  the  petiolated  anal  cell  of  the  hind  wing,  but  the  form  of  the  anal  cell  in  the 
front  wing  is  that  of  Teuthredo.  The  legs  are  not  at  all  preserved. 


270      BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 


Tenthredo  misera,  sp.  nor. 

Female.  Length  17  mm.  Large  and  robust  ;  head  and  thorax  dark,  probably 
the  head  was  black  and  the  thorax  black,  varied  more  or  less  with  brown.  Abdo- 
men pale,  very  indistinctly  indicated  in  the  fossil.  Head  about  two  and  one-half 
times  as  wide  as  thick.  Antennae  slender  and  tapering  very  gradually  to  the  tip, 
the  joints  toward  the  base  of  the  flagellum  three  or  four  times  as  long  as  wide. 
Wings  hyaline,  the  veins  rather  weak  and  light  in  color.  Marginal  cell  long,  its 
cross-vein  distinctly  arcuate.  First  submarginal  cell  considerably  narrowed 
above,  the  first  section  of  the  cubitus  being  nearly  two  times  as  long  as  the  first 
section  of  the  radius.  Second  submargiiial  cell  receiving  the  recurrent  nervure 
at  its  basal  third.  Submedian  cell  longer  than  the  median  by  somewhat  more 
than  the  length  of  the  transverse  median  nervure.  First  discoidal  cell  diagonally 
about  two  and  one-fourth  times  as  long  as  the  basal  vein.  Anal  cell  constricted 
imperceptibly  at  the  cross-vein,  and  slowly  widened  basally  behind ;  the  cross- 
vein  is  distinctly  oblique.  Petiole  at  apex  of  anal  cell  in  hind-wing  only  one- 
fourth  as  long  as  the  vein  closing  the  second  discoidal  cell. 

Type.  —  No.  2048,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  12,400,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

This  is  by  far  the  largest  species  of  Tenthredo  here  described. 


LYDIDAE. 

Atocus  SCUDDER. 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Scudder  ('92)  for  a  single  species  from  Florissant. 
It  comes  very  close  to  Neurotoma  and  Pamphilius  as  defined  by  Konow  (:05). 
The  only  noteworthy  character  that  separates  it  is  the  uniformly  decreasing  length 
of  the  autennal  joints,  the  third,  or  first  flagellar,  joint  being  distinctly  longer  than 
the  second  in  recent  forms.  If  this  character  has  been  overlooked  in  figuring  the 
type,  it  can  scarcely  be  considered  distinct  from  Neurotoma,  to  which  it  is  more 
closely  related  than  to  Pamphilius  (=  Liolyda)  on  account  of  the  absence  of  the 
humeral  cross-vein. 

Electrocephalus  KONOW. 

This  genus  was  proposed  by  Konow  ('97)  for  a  single  species  from  Baltic 
amber.  It  is  related  to  Janus  and  Macrocephus. 


Cephus  LATREILLB. 

An  amber  species  is  noted  by  Menge  ('56),  but  no  other  fossil  forms  have 
been  described  or  mentioned  so  far  as  I  am  aware. 


BRUES:    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS   HYMENOPTERA.  271 


Megaxyela  petrefacta,  sp.  nov. 

Female.  Length  probably  about  13  mm.,  the  head  nearly  effaced.  Dark  in 
color,  with  the  sutures  of  the  abdomen  pale  on  the  sides;  these  markings  are 
narrow  near  the  base,  but  occupy  the  major  parts  of  the  several  apical  segments. 
Terebra  exserted  1£  mm.,  curved  downward  to  the  blunt  tip.  The  abdomen  is 
somewhat  cylindrical  and  slowly  narrowed  to  near  the  tip,  when  it  suddenly 
rounds  down  to  the  base  of  the  terebra.  The  head,  antennae,  thorax,  and  legs 
are  not  well  enough  preserved  for  description,  but  the  wings  show  clearly  their 
venation,  although  somewhat  overlapped  in  position.  The  type  is  very  similar  to 
that  of  Megaxyela  major  Cresson.  The  first  marginal  cell,  however,  lying  just 
beneath  the  stigma,  is  nearly  twice  as  long  as  wide,  and  the  first  recurrent  nervure 


X.. 
FIG.  10.  —  Megaxyela  petrefacta  Brues.     Fore-wing. 

is  only  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  vein  that  meets  it  to  form  the  tip  of  the 
second  discoidal  cell.  Otherwise  the  venation  so  far  as  preserved  is  scarcely 
distinguishable  from  the  recent  species. 

Type.—THo.  2049,  2050  (reverse), Mus. Comp.  Zool.,  Florissant,  Col. (No.  1386, 
4295,  S,  H.  Scudder  Coll.). 

Due  to  splitting  of  the  rock  and  subsequent  weathering,  only  the  abdomen  and 
wings  are  preserved,  although  the  entire  length  can  be  made  out.  Tn  venation 
and  size  this  species  is  remarkably  similar  to  M.  major  Cresson,  horn  Texas,  of 
which  it  is  undoubtedly  a  close  relative.  So  far  no  other  recent  species  have 
been  discovered,  and  the  genus  appears  to  be  restricted  to  the  southwestern 
United  States. 

SIRICIDAB. 
Paururus  KONOW. 

According  to  Konow  (:05)  the  fossil  described  by  Heer  as  Urocerites  spectabilis 
from  the  lower  Miocene  of  Radoboj  belongs  to  this  recent  genus,  and  must  be 
known  as  Paururus  spectabilis  Heer. 

Sirex  LiNui:. 

Two  species  referred  to  this  genus  have  been  recognized  in  Baltic  amber  by 
Klebs  ('89). 


272          BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 


Lithoryssus  parvus  BUCKS. 

There  are  three  specimens  of  this  species  in  the  present  collection  (No.  2051- 
2054,  Mus.  Comp.  Zobl,  Florissant,  Col.,  No.  5080,  5110  (reverse),  5522,  and 
14,045,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.),  none  of  them  so  perfectly  preserved  as  the  type,  how- 
ever, which  is  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  In  one  the  wings 
are  better  preserved,  and  I  find  that  the  humeral  area  is  divided  by  a  cross-vein 
just  before  the  origin  of  the  basal  nervure,  and  not  "  apparently  undivided,"  as 
stated  in  the  original  description  of  the  species  (:06).  In  size  they  are  all  larger 
than  the  type,  4-5  mm.,  but  seem  otherwise  identical. 

Cephites  HEER. 

Two  species,  C.  oeningensis  and  C.fragilis  Heer,  have  been  placed  in  this  genus 
by  Heer  ('47),  who  considers  them  to  be  related  to  Cephus  and  Xiphydria.1 

The  front  wings  have  two  radial  cells,  the  first  under  but  extending  beyond 
the  stigma ;  the  first  submarginal  cell  is  large,  seven-sided,  and  touches  the  stigma  ; 
second  longer  and  narrower;  those  beyond,  if  any,  obliterated.  Two  discoidal 
cells,  the  first  distinct  and  moderately  large,  rhomboidal ;  the  following  (third) 
open  apically  where  the  neuration  becomes  obsolete.  Humeral  area  narrow  but 
distinct.  Basal  cell  wider,  the  transverse  median  nervure  present. 

From  this  diagnosis  it  will  be  seen  that  Cephites  approaches  Lithoryssus  in 
many  respects,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  such  close  relationship  prevails  be- 
tween many  of  the  Florissant  and  Oeuingen  types,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  the  two 
may  be  quite  similar.  I  have  therefore  placed  the  European  form  near  Lithoryssus, 
tentatively  at  least. 

1  Konow  ('97)  believes  that  these  are  Neuroptera,  but  Handlirsch  (:07)  does  not 
agree  with  him,  and  thinks  that  they  have  been  correctly  placed  by  Heer.  Not 
having  had  access  to  any  specimens,  and  thus  compelled  to  rely  on  Heer's  figures, 
I  have  merely  pointed  out  the  resemblance  which  they  apparently  show  to  the 
American  Lithoryssus. 


BEUES :    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS    HYMENOPTERA. 


273 


CATALOGUE  OF  TERTIARY   PHYTOPHAGA. 


Tenthredinidae. 


Trichiosomites  obliviosus  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  260. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Cimbex  (larva)  Menge. 

Progr.  petrischule  Danzig,  1856,  p.  24. 

Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Phenacoperga  coloradensis  Ckll. 

Science,  1907,  n.  a.,  26,  p.  446  (Perga) ; 
idem,  1908,  27,  p.  113. 

Miocene;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Lophyrus,  sp.  Brischke. 

Schrift.  naturf.  gesellsch.  Danzig,  1886, 
n.  f.,  6,  p.  279. 

Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Hemichroa  eophila  Ckll. 

Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  1906,  22, 
p.  501. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Dineura  saxorum  Ckll. 

Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  1906,  22, 
p.  499. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Dineura  laminarum  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  261. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Pteronus,  sp.  Serres. 

Ge'ogn.  terrains  tert.,  1829,  p.  229. 

Lower  Oligocene  ;  Aix,  France. 
Pteronus  prodigus  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  262. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Scolioneura  vexabilis  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  263. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Selandria,  sp.  Brischke. 

Schrift.  naturf.  gesellsch.  Danzig,  n.  f., 
1886,  6,  p.  279. 

Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Selandria  ( Tenthredo),  sp.  Curtis. 

Edinburgh  new  philos.  journ.,  1829,  7, 


Eriocampa  wheeleri  Ckll. 

Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  1906,22, 
p.  500. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Eriocampa  scudderi  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  264. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Emphyttu,  sp.  Menge. 

Progr.  petrischule  Danzig,  1856,  p.  24. 

Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Paremphytus  ostentus  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  265. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Pseudosiobla  megoura  Ckll. 

Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  1907,  23, 
p.  612. 

Miocene  ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Taxonus  nortoni  Scudder. 

Tert.  ins.  N.  Amer.,  1890,  p.  604. 

Oligocene  ;  Green  River,  Wyoming. 
Taxonus  vetustus  Heer. 

Insectenf.  tertiarg.  Oeningen,  1849,  2, 
p.  172  (Tenthredo). 

Konow,  Ent.  nachr,  1897,  23,  p.  36 
(Taxonus). 

Upper  Miocene ;  Oeningen. 
Pa/aeotaxonus  ti/picus  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  266. 

Miocene  ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Dolerus,  sp.  Schoberlin. 

Soc.  entom.,  1888,  3,  p.  61. 

Upper  Miocene ;  Oeningen. 
Dolerus  tenax  Forster. 

Abh.    geol.   spezialk.    Els.,    1891,    p. 
453. 

Middle  Oligocene  ;  Brunstatt,  Alsace. 
Macrophya  pervetusta  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  267. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Tenthredo,  sp.  Serres.1 


Ge'ogn.  terrains  tert.,  1829,  p.  229. 
Lower  Oligocene ;  Aix,  France. 


p.  295. 

Lower  Oligocene  ;  Aix,  France. 
1  Compared  with  T  viridis  L.,  which  is  now  referred  to  the  genus  Rliogogastera 
Konow. 

VOL.  LI.  —  NO.  10  18 


274 


BULLETIN  :   MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 


Tenthredo,  sp.  Schlotheim. 

Petrefactenkunde,  1820,  p.  43. 

Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Tenthredo,  sp.  Gravenhorst. 

Uebers.  schles.  gesellsch.  vaterl.  cult, 

1835,  p.  92. 

Lower  Oligocene  ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Tenthredo,  sp.  Brischke. 

Schrift.    naturf.     gesellsch.    Danzig., 
1886,  n.  f.,  6,  p.  279. 

Lower  Oligocene  ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Tenthredo,  sp.  Schoberlin. 

Soc.  entom.,  1888,  3,  p.  61. 

Upper  Miocene ;  Oeningen  (two  spe- 
cies). 


Tenthredo  gervaisi  Heer. 

Saporta,  Rech.  climat.  pays  tert.,  1861, 
p.  153. 

Lower  Oligocene  ;  Aix,  France. 
Tenthredo  submersa  Ckll. 

Bull.  Arner.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  1907,  23, 

p.  613. 
Tenthredo  avia  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  268. 

Miocene  ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Tenthredo  infossa  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  269. 

Miocene  ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Tenthredo  misera  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  270. 

Miocene;  Florissant,  Colorado. 


Lydidae. 


Atocus  defessus  Scudder. 
Bull.  93,  U.  S.  G.  S.,  1892,  p.  24,  pi.  11, 

f.6. 
Cockerell,  Science,  1907,  n.  s.,  27,  p. 

113. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Pamphilius,  sp.  (larva)  Menge. 
Progr.  petrischule  Danzig,  1856,  p.  24. 
Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 


Electrocephalus  strahlendorffi  Konow. 

Ent.  nachr.,  1897,  23,  p.  37. 

Lower  Oligocene;  Baltic  Amber. 
Cephus,  sp.  Menge. 

Progr.  petrischule  Danzig,  1856,  p.  24. 

Lower  Oligocene  ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Megaxyela  petrefacta  Brues. 

Bull.  M.  C.  Z.,  1908,  51,  p.  271. 

Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 


Siricidae. 


Paururus  spectabilis  Heer. 
Neue    denkschr.  schweitz.  gesellsch., 

1867,  22,  p.  38. 
Lower  Miocene ;  Radoboj. 
Sirex,  2  spp.  Klebs. 
Tagbl.    naturforscheryers.,   1889,   62, 

p.  269. 

Lower  Oligocene ;  Baltic  Amber. 
Lithoryssus  parvus  Brues. 
Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  1906,  22, 

p.  492.  fig.  1. 
Miocene ;  Florissant,  Colorado. 


Cephites  fragilis  Heer. 
Insektenf.  tertiarg.  Oeningen,  1849,  2, 

p.  174. 

Upper  Miocene  ;  Oeningen. 
Cephites  oeningensis  Heer. 
Insektenf.  tertiarg.  Oeningen,  1849,  2, 

p.  173. 
Upper  Miocene ;  Oeningen. 


BRUES:    NEW   PHYTOPHAGOUS   HYMENOPTEKA.  275 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


'86.    Brischke,  D. 

Die  Hymenoptern  des  bernsteins.    Schrift.  naturf.  gesellsch.  Danzig,  n.  f., 
6,  p.  278-279. 

:06.     Brues,  C.  T. 

Fossil  parasitic  and  phytophagous  Hymenoptera  from  Florissant,  Colorado. 
Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist.,  22,  p.  491-498. 

:06.     Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. 

Fossil  saw-flies  from  Florissant,  Colorado.     Bull.  Amer.  mus.  nat.  hist., 
22,  p.  499-501. 

.07.     Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. 

Some  fossil  arthropods  from  Florissant,  Colorado.    Bull.  Amer.  mus. 
nat.  hist.,  23,  p.  605-616. 

:07*.   Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. 

Some  old  world  types  of  insects  in  the  Miocene  of  Colorado.     Science, 
n.  s.,  26,  p.  446-447. 

:08.     Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. 

The  fossil  sawfly  Perga  coloradensis.     Science,  n.  s.,  27,  p.  113. 

'29.     Curtis,  John. 

Observations  upon  a  collection  of  fossil  insects  discovered  near  Aix  in 
Provence.    Edinb.  new  philos.  journ.,  7,  p.  293-297. 
'91.     Forster,  B. 

Die  insekten  des   plattigen  steinmergels  von   Brunstatt.     Abh.   geol. 
specialkarte  von  Elsass-Lothringen. 

'35.     Gravenhorst,  J.  L.  C. 

Bericht  iiber  die  in  bernstein  erhaltenen  iiisekten  der  phys.-bkon.  gesell- 
schaft  zu  Konigsberg.     Uebers.  schles.  ges.,  p.  92-93. 

.07.    Handlirsch,  A. 

Die  fossilen  insekten  und  die  phylogenie  der  renzten  formen.     Lieferung 
6,  Leipzig. 

'47.     Heer,  Oswald. 

Die  insekteufauna  der  tertiargebilde  von  Oeningen  und  von  Radoboj  in 
Croatien.,  229  pp.,  15  pis. 

'61.     Heer,  Oswald. 

Recherches  sur  le  climat  et  la  vegetation  du  pays  tertiaire.     Geneve  et 
Paris. 


276          BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPAKATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

•89.     Klebs,  R. 

Ueber  die  fauna  des  bernsteins.    Tag.  Deut.  nat.  vors.,  62,  p.  268-271. 

'97.     Konow,  F.  W. 

Ueber  ibssile  blatt-  und  halmwespen.     Ent.  nachr.,  23,  p.  36-38. 

:05.     Konow,  F.  W. 

Genera  insectorura.    Tenthredinidae.     Fasc.    29.    Lydidae.     Fasc.  27. 
Siricidae.     Fasc.  28.     Brussels. 

:05.     MacGillivray,  A.  D. 

A  study  of  the  wings  of  the  Tenthredinoidea,  a  superfamily  of  Hymeu- 
optera.     Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  29,  p.  569-654,  24  pis. 

'56.     Menge,  A. 

Lebenszeichen  vorweltlicher,  im  bernstein  eingeschlossener  thiere.    Progr. 
petrischule  Danzig,  p.  1-32. 

'20.     Schlotheim,  E.  F.  von. 

Die  petrefactenkunde.     Gotha. 

'88.     Schbberlin,  Edmund. 

Der  Oeniugen  stinkschiefer  und  seine  insektenreste.     Soc-  entom.,  3, 
p.  42,  51,  61,  68-69. 

'90.     Scudder,  S.  H. 

The  Tertiary  insects  of  North  America.     Kept.  U.  S.  G.  S.,  13,  734  pp., 
28  pis. 

'29.     Serres,  P.  M. 

Geognosie  des  terrains  tertiaires.     Montpellier  et  Paris. 


D-B-7576 


DATE  DUE 


A     000840622     5 


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